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King Henry VIII, born in 1491 and reigning from 1509 to 1547, was a pivotal figure in English history. Known for his six marriages and his role in the English Reformation, he dramatically altered the religious landscape of England.

Initially a devout Catholic, Henry sought an annulment from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, when she failed to produce a male heir. When the Pope refused, Henry broke with the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England, declaring himself its Supreme Head.

His subsequent marriages were to Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. Jane Seymour bore him his only legitimate son and heir, Edward VI. He executed two of his wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, on charges of treason.

Beyond his marital affairs, Henry was a skilled politician and diplomat, strengthening the English monarchy. He oversaw the dissolution of the monasteries, seizing their wealth and lands. His reign marked a significant shift in England's religious, political, and social structure.